Link colours: external dictionaries in green, internal website links in light blue, external website links in dark blue
G
≫ gakdra (Tibetan: དགག་སྒྲ ; Wylie: dgag sgra) = negation word (e.g. “is not”, “does not exist” etc.), negating particle.
≫ Gandavyuha Sutra (Sanskrit: गण्डव्यूह सूत्र ; IAST: gaṇḍavyūha sūtra, from Sanskrit: गण्डि; IAST: gaṇḍi, stem, stalk ; pieces, parts ; also “the trunk of a tree from the root to the beginning of the branches” ; Tibetan: སྡོང་པོ་བཀོད་པའི་མདོ།, Wylie: sdong po bkod pa’i mdo ; Chinese: 入法界品 ; pinyin: Rù fǎjiè pǐn) = Gandavyuha Sutra (“The Stem Array”, also “Sutra of the Arrayed Tree”) (T 44), a Mahayana Buddhist Sutra of Indian origin dating to roughly c. 200-300 CE, which depicts the pigrimage of Sudhana as he encounters and receives teachings from 53 gurus, 20 of whom are female, including an enlightened prostitute named Vasumitrā. It comprises Chapter 39 of the Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra). The final chapter of the Gandavyuha Sutra is Samantabhadra’s King of Aspiration Prayers, the Pranidhana-Raja.
• see also: Arya-Bhadracharya-Pranidhana-Raja (Samantabhadra’s King of Aspiration Prayers) ; Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra) ; Indriyeshvara (kalyanamitra in Chapter 15) ; Sudhana (main protagonist of Gandavyuha Sutra) ; vibhaja (a very large number) ; vijangha (a very large number)
• see also (DJKR teaching): Gandavyuha Sutra (October 30, 2021)
• external links: (Gandavyuha Sutra): wikipedia / Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia / Digital Dictionary of Buddhism / Himalayan Art ; (Borobodur reliefs): wikipedia / Dharma Records ; (text): 84000 ; (conversation with translator Peter Alan Robert): 84000
≫ Garab Dorje (Tibetan: དགའ་རབ་རྡོ་རྗེ ; Wylie: dga’ rab rdo rje ; Sanskrit (reconstructed): प्रहेवज्र, IAST: Prahevajra) (fl. 55 CE) = the semi-historical first human Dzogchen master; he received direct transmission of the Dzogchen teachings from Vajrasattva, which he then transmitted to his student Mañjushrimitra. As Garab Dorje attained paranirvana, his body dissolved into a mist of rainbow light and Mañjushrimitra called to him in despair. Garab Dorje responded by handing him his last teaching. Enclosed in a golden casket the size of a thumbnail were the three statements that form the seminal Dzogchen text “Three Words That Strike The Vital Point” (Tibetan: ཚིག་གསུམ་གནད་བརྡེགས་, tsik sum né dek ; Wylie: tshig gsum gnad brdegs, “Hitting the Essence in Three Words”). This text is considered to contain the whole of the Dzogchen teachings. The three statements are:
(1) Introducing directly the face of rigpa in itself, (Tibetan: ངོ་རང་ཐོག་ཏུ་སྤྲད།, Wylie: ngo rang thog tu sprad)
(2) Decide upon one thing and one thing only, (Tibetan: ཐག་གཅིག་ཐོག་ཏུ་བཅད།, Wylie: thag gcig thog tu bcad)
(3) Confidence directly in the liberation of rising thoughts. (Tibetan: གདེང་གྲོལ་ཐོག་ཏུ་བཅའ།, Wylie: gdeng grol thog tu bca’)
• see also: Patrul Rinpoche (who wrote a famous commentary on Tsik Sum Né Dek)
• external links: wikipedia / rigpawiki / Lotsawa House / TBRC
≫ garbha (Sanskrit: गर्भ, IAST: garbha ; Tibetan: སྙིང་པོ་, nyingpo ; Wylie: snying po) = (a) inside, middle, interior of anything; (b) seed, egg, embryo, womb (indicating potential); (c) essence, quintessence, nature; pith, heart.
• see also: tathagatagarbha (buddhanature, as in “essence of the tathagata”)
• external links: wiktionary
gata (Sanskrit: गत, IAST: gata) = gone, departed, arrived at, being in, situated in – see shekpa (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
• external links: wiktionary
≫ GATE GATE PARAGATE PARASAMGATE BODHI SVAHA (Sanskrit: गते गते पारगते पारसंगते बोधि स्वाहा, IAST: gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā; Tibetan: ག༌ཏེ༌ག༌ཏེ༌པཱ༌ར༌ག༌ཏེ༌པཱ༌ར༌སཾ༌ག༌ཏེ༌བོ༌དྷི༌སྭཱ༌ཧཱ།) = Sanskrit mantra at the conclusion of the Prajñaparamitahridayasutra (“Heart Sutra”), which means “Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone completely beyond, awakened existence”.
• see also: Prajñaparamitahridayasutra (Heart Sutra)
• external links: wikipedia / Jay Garfield translation and commentary
Gautama (Sanskrit: गौतम, IAST: gautama; Pāli: गोतम, IAST: Gotama; Burmese: ေဂါတမ) = the Buddha – see Siddhartha Gautama (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
• other languages: Gotama (Pāli)
• external links: wiktionary
≫ Gendün Chöpel (Tibetan: དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ།, Wylie: dge ‘dun chos ‘phel; also transliterated into English as Gendun Chompel, Gendün Chöphel) (1903-1951) = a 20th century Tibetan scholar, writer, poet, linguist, artist, and a campaigner for the modernization of Tibet. He was a creative and controversial figure, considered by many to have been one of the most important Tibetan intellectuals of the 20th century.
• see also: Dhammapada (translated into Tibetan by Gendün Chöpel)
• external links: wikipedia / rigpawiki
≫ gewa (Tibetan: དགེ་བ་, gewa; Wylie: dge ba ; Sanskrit (1): कुशल, IAST: kuśala, kushala = right, good, proper; Sanskrit (2): कल्याण, IAST: kalyāṇa = lucky, fortunate) = virtuous, virtue, wholesome, good, positive.
• see also: mi gewa (non-virtuous)
• external links: wiktionary
≫ gho (Dzongkha: བགོ་, go; Wylie: bgo) = the Bhutanese traditional national dress for men, a knee-length robe tied at the waist by a cloth belt known as the kera (Dzongkha: སྐེད་རགས་).
• see also: kira (the Bhutanese traditional national dress for women)
• external links: wiktionary / wikipedia
≫ gom [homophone of two different Tibetan words]:
(1) familiarisation (Tibetan: གོམས་, gom; Wylie: goms ; Sanskrit: अभ्यास, IAST: abhyāsa) = familiarisation (through repetition), becoming accustomed to, conditioning.
(2) development/cultivation (Tibetan: སྒོམ་, gom: Wylie: sgom ; also Tibetan: སྒོམ་པ་, gom pa ; Wylie: sgom pa ; Sanskrit: भावन, IAST: bhāvana) = development, training, practice, cultivation; meditation, contemplation.
• easily confused (terms related to meditation): bhavana / gom (Tibetan: སྒོམ་, Wylie: sgom) (development, training, cultivation) is different from dhyana / samten / jhana / chan / zen (meditative concentration, mental focus, attention), which is different from abhyasa / gom (Tibetan: གོམས་, Wylie: goms) (familiarisation, becoming accustomed to, conditioning).
• other languages: abhyasa (Sanskrit for གོམས་, Wylie: goms) ; bhavana (Sanskrit for སྒོམ་, Wylie: sgom)
• see also: ta gom chöpa (view, meditation and action); tawa gompa chöpa drébu (view, meditation, action & result)
• Buddhist terms: meditation
• external links: (སྒོམ་, Wylie: sgom) wiktionary ; (abhyasa): wikipedia ; (bhavana): wikipedia ; (meditation): wikipedia / rigpawiki
gompa (Tibetan: སྒོམ་པ་, gom pa; Wylie: sgom pa) = see gom (Tibetan).
≫ gompé trang (Tibetan: སྒོམ་པའི་འཕྲང་, gom pé trang; Wylie: sgom pa’i ‘phrang) = the ravine of meditation; DJKR: “the abyss of meditation”.
• see also: gom (meditation, habituation, practice) ; trang (narrow dangerous path)
Gotama (Pāli: गोतम, IAST: Gotama) = the Buddha – see Siddhartha Gautama (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
• other languages: Gautama (Sanskrit)
• external links: wiktionary
≫ guru (Sanskrit: गुरु, IAST: guru ; Tibetan: བླ་མ་, lama; Wylie: bla ma) = teacher, lama, guide, expert or master; the meanings of the Sanskrit word “guru” also include “heavy, weighty”, “venerable, respectable” and “important, serious, momentous”.
• other languages: lama (Tibetan)
• external links: wiktionary / wikipedia
Guru Rinpoche (Tibetan: གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, guru rinpoché ; Wylie: gu+ru rin po che ; literally “precious master”) – see Padmasambhava (Sanskrit ≫ main entry)
• other names: Padmakara ; Padmasambhava
≫ Guru Yoga (Sanskrit: गुरुयोग; IAST: guru “teacher” + yoga “union, mixing, joining” ; Tibetan: བླ་མའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་, lamé nenjor / lamé naljor ; Wylie: bla ma’i rnal ‘byor) = the practice of merging one’s mind with the wisdom mind of the master, an important practice in Vajrayana Buddhism. The practitioner of Guru Yoga meditates on the root guru as embodying the nature of all the buddhas, supplicates the guru for blessings, and unites their mindstream with the mindstream of the guru’s wisdom mind. H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche said, “it is vital to put all your energy into the Guru Yoga, holding onto it as the life and heart of the practice”.
• external links: wikipedia / rigpawiki / Study Buddhism
≫ gyen (Tibetan: རྒྱན, gyen ; Wylie: rgyan ; Sanskrit: √तंस्, IAST: taṃs, decorating / alaṅkāra) = ornament, decoration, adornment.
• see also: Avatamsaka Sutra (The Flower Ornament Sutra)
• external links: wiktionary
gyü (Tibetan: རྒྱུད་, gyü ; Wylie: rgyud) = tantra (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
Gyü Lama (Tibetan: རྒྱུད་བླ་མ, Gyü Lama ; Wylie: rgyud bla ma) = see Uttaratantra-shastra (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ gyu tsal (Tibetan: སྒྱུ་རྩལ་, gyu tsal ; Wylie: sgyu rtsal) = art, magical dexterity, skill; ability, sport, game.
≫ gyuntrül (Tibetan: སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་, gyu ntrul, also gyü trül ; Wylie: sgyu ‘phrul) = magical display, magical illusion; maya, illusion; miraculous play, magical deception.
≫ gyuntrül drawa (Tibetan: སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་དརབ༹་བ་, gyu ntrul dra wa, also gyü trül dra wa ; Wylie: sgyu ’phrul drva ba ; Sanskrit: मायाजाल, IAST: māyājāla = māyā “illusion” + jāla “net”) = (1) magical net, net of illusion, the binding net of Maya; (2) The Web of Magical Illusion, a cycle of tantric texts to which the Guhyagarbha Tantra belongs.
• external links: rigpawiki
≫ gyur (Tibetan: སྒྱུར, Wylie: sgyur) = to transform, transmute, change, alter. (As in: Tibetan: སྒྱུར་ལམ, gyur lam ; Wylie: sgyur lam = “path of transformation, way of transformation”).
• external links: wiktionary
≫ gyu tün (Tibetan: རྒྱུ་མཐུན ; Wylie: rgyu mthun) = similar cause, causal resemblance, cause sufficient to produce observed effect, having the same cause.