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≫ 2 aspects of knowledge (or omniscience) = (1) jitawa (knowing things as they are, i.e. their nature), (2) jinyepa (knowing all things in their multiplicity, i.e. their extent) – see khyenpa nyi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 2 chariots of Mahayana = Nagarjuna and Asanga – see shingta nyi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 2 truths = absolute truth and relative truth – see denpa nyi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 3 doors of liberation = (1) the ground is emptiness, (2) the path is without characteristics, (3) the result is beyond aspiration – see nam tar go sum (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 3-fold training = shila (ethical discipline/virtue), samadhi (meditative concentration/one-pointedness) and prajña (discriminative awareness/wisdom) – see trishiksha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 3 kayas = dharmakaya (“truth body”), sambhogakaya (“body of enjoyment”) and nirmanakaya (“body of manifestations”) – see trikaya (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 3 marks of existence = (1) anicca (impermanence), (2) dukkha (unsatisfactoriness) and (3) anatta (nonself) – see trilakshana (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 3 noble principles (also known as the “3 supreme methods”) = the principles that make the difference between practice being merely a way of bringing temporary relaxation, peace, and bliss and practice becoming a powerful cause for the awakening of oneself and others: (1) good in the beginning (bodhichitta), (2) good in the middle (maintaining view of nonduality), (3) good in the end (dedicating the merit) – see dampa sum (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 3 poisons = moha (ignorance/delusion), raga (attachment/desire) and dvesha (aversion/anger) – see trivisha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 3 times = past, present and future – see düsum (Tibetan ≫ main entry). See also: 4 times.
≫ 3 Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma – see tridharmachakra (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 establishments of mindfulness – see cattaro satipatthana (Pāli ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 immeasurables = (1) metta (loving-kindness), (2) karuna (compassion), (3) mudita (sympathetic/appreciative joy) and (4) upekkha (equanimity) – see caturapramana (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 kinds of direct perception = (1) indriyapratyaksha (sense perception), (2) manasapratyaksha (mental perception), (3) svasamvedana (self-cognition), (4) yogipratyaksha (yogic direct perception) – see ngönsum zhi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 maras = 4 obstructive forces – see düzhi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 Noble Truths = (1) dukkha (suffering), (2) samudaya (origin of suffering), (3) nirodha (cessation of suffering) and (4) magga (the path which brings the cessation of suffering) – see cattari ariyasaccani (Pāli ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 occasions in tantra = (1) waking, (2) dreaming, (3) deep dreamless sleep, (4) the fourth occasion – see ngak kyi né kab zhi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 pilgrimage sites = (1) Lumbini (birthplace of the Buddha), (2) Bodh Gaya (where Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment under the bodhi tree), (3) Sarnath (where Buddha gave his first teaching) and (4) Kushinagara (where Buddha died and attained parinirvana) – see catusamvejaniyathana (Pāli ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 purposes of life = the four objects or aims of existence according to Hindu philosophy: (1) kama (desire, pleasure, love, psychological values); (2) artha (wealth, prosperity, material values); (3) dharma (duty, moral values); (4) moksha (liberation, spiritual values) – see purushartha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 Sacred Buddhist Mountains in China = 普陀山 Pǔtuó Shān (for Avalokiteshvara), 五臺山 Wǔtái Shān (for Mañjushri), 峨眉山 Éméi Shān (for Samantabhadra), and 九華山 Jiǔhuá Shān (for Ksitigarbha) [Note: sometimes just the first three of these are included as the 3 famous/sacred Buddhist mountains in China] – see 四大名山 Sida Mingshan (Chinese ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 seals = (1) impermanence (all compounded/conditioned things are impermanent), (2) unsatisfactoriness (all contaminated/defiled things are suffering), (3) nonself (all phenomena are without self/ inherent existence) and (4) peace (nirvana is peace / nirvana is beyond description) – see chökyi domzhi (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 stages of life = the four age-based life stages according to Hindu philosophy: (1) brahmacharya (student); (2) grihastha (householder); (3) vanaprastha (retired, forest-dweller); (4) sannyasa (renunciant, ascetic) – see ashrama (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 4 times = past, present, future and uncertain/indefinite time – see düzhi (Tibetan ≫ main entry). See also: 3 times.
≫ 5 buddha families = buddha (centre/white), vajra (east/blue), ratna (or jewel) (south/yellow), padma (or lotus) (west/red) and karma (or action) (north/green) – see pañchakula (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 5 dhyani-buddhas = Mahavairocana (white), Akshobhya (blue), Ratnasambhava (yellow), Amitabha (red), Amoghasiddhi (green) – see pañchabuddha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 5 paths (of the bodhisattva path) = the paths of accumulation, joining (or preparation), seeing, cultivation and no-more-learning (or beyond training) – see pañchamarga (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 5 poisons = the five poisons in the Mahayana tradition. The five poisons consist of the three poisons (trivisha) of ignorance/delusion, attachment and aversion, together with two additional poisons: pride and jealousy. When their nature is realized, they manifest as the five wisdoms, which correspond to the five buddha families – see pañchakleshavisha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 5 types of Chan/Zen – see wuzhong chan (Chinese ≫ main entry).
≫ 5 vows = to abstain from killing, theft, sexual misconduct, falsehood and intoxication – see pañchashila (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 6 destructive emotions = (1) raga (desire), (2) pratigha (anger), (3) avidya (ignorance), (4) mana (pride), (5) vichikitsa (doubt), (6) drishti (view) – see mulaklesha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 6 paramitas = the six transcendent perfections, the six trainings that comprise the bodhisattva path: (1) dana (generosity), (2) shila (discipline), (3) kshanti (patience), (4) virya (diligence), (5) dhyana (meditative concentration), (6) prajña (wisdom, precise discernment, discriminating awareness) – see shatparamita (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 6 Yogas of Naropa – see Naro Chödruk (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 8 Auspicious Symbols – see Tashi Tagyé (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 8-Fold Noble Path – see ariya atthangika magga (Pāli ≫ main entry).
≫ 8 metaphors of illusion = 8 metaphors/similes of illusion by Longchenpa (14th century Tibetan master) – see mayopama (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 8 offerings = the 8 outer offerings or 8 traditional offerings, as placed on a shrine or offered with offering mudras – see chöpa gyé (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 8 samsaric dharmas – see jigten chögyé (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
8 worldly concerns – see 8 samsaric dharmas.
≫ 9 yanas = the 9 vehicles according to the Nyingma classification of the Buddhist path – see tekpa gu (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 10 powers of a bodhisattva = the 10 powers of a bodhisattva – see jangchup sempé tob (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 10 powers of the Buddha = the 10 powers (or strengths) of the Buddha, 10 ways of knowing that are unique to Buddhas (also known as jñana-bala) – see tob chu (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 10 strengths of the Buddha = the 10 strengths of the Buddha – see wang chu (Tibetan ≫ main entry).
≫ 12 examples of illusion = 12 examples of illusion by Könchog Jigme Wangpo (18th century Tibetan scholar) – see mayopama (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 12 links of dependent origination – see dvadasha pratityasamutpada (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).
≫ 32 major marks = the 32 physical characteristics of a buddha or enlightened being – see mahapurisa lakkhana (Pāli ≫ main entry).
≫ 37 factors of enlightenment (37 qualities conducive to awakening) – see sattatimsa bodhipakkhiya dhamma (Pāli ≫ main entry).
≫ 84 mahasiddhas (Sanskrit: caturaśītisiddha; Tibetan: གྲུབ་ཐོབ་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་རྩ་བཞི་, drup top gyé chu tsa zhi ; Wylie: grub thob brgyad cu rtsa bzhi ; also 84 mahasiddhas of India, Tibetan: རྒྱ་དཀར་གྲུབ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་རྩ་བཞི ; Wylie: rgya dkar grub chen brgyad cu rtsa bzhi) – see mahasiddha (Sanskrit ≫ main entry).